CVT Transmission
TechnologieAverage price
1000€ - 2500€
The CVT (Continuously Variable Transmission) is an automatic transmission technology characterized by the absence of fixed gear ratios. Unlike traditional automatic or manual transmissions that use a set of gears to create a defined number of ratios (6, 7, 8 speeds, etc.), the CVT operates using a system of two variable-diameter pulleys connected by a belt or a metal chain. By continuously modifying the diameter of these pulleys, the CVT can offer an infinite number of gear ratios. This allows the engine to constantly operate at its most efficient RPM, thereby optimizing fuel consumption and reducing emissions. Driving is remarkably smooth, with no shift shock, offering linear acceleration and top-tier comfort, which is particularly appreciated in urban environments and during steady-speed highway driving. Although sometimes criticized for a 'rubber-banding' or high-rev drone effect, modern versions often incorporate simulated gears for a more familiar feel.
Benefits
- ✓Superior driving comfort thanks to the absence of shift shocks
- ✓Optimized fuel consumption
- ✓Smooth, linear acceleration without torque interruption
- ✓Simpler and often more compact mechanics than a traditional automatic transmission
Learn more
What is a CVT transmission?
The CVT, an acronym for "Continuously Variable Transmission" or "Transmission à Variation Continue" in French, represents a major evolution in the world of automatic transmissions. Its fundamental characteristic is that it does not have pre-defined gear ratios like a manual transmission or a traditional automatic gearbox. Instead of a complex gear system, it offers an infinite number of possible ratios, adapting in real time to the driver's needs and road conditions to keep the engine in its most optimal operating range.
How does a CVT transmission work?
The secret of the CVT lies in its ingenious mechanism, generally composed of two conical pulleys connected by a robust metal belt or chain. One pulley is connected to the engine (drive pulley) and the other to the wheels (driven pulley). A hydraulic system varies the spacing of the flanges on each pulley, thereby modifying their effective diameter. As the car accelerates, the drive pulley narrows and the driven pulley widens, creating a low gear ratio for starting. At cruising speed, the process is reversed to obtain a high gear ratio that lowers the engine speed. This continuous and smooth variation eliminates perceptible gear shifts, delivering an incomparably smooth driving experience.
What are the advantages of a CVT transmission?
The limitations and evolution of the CVT
The main criticism leveled at CVT technology is the sensation of "rubber-banding" or a "slipping effect." During heavy acceleration, the engine revs up and stabilizes at a high level while the vehicle speed increases gradually. This discrepancy between the engine noise and the sensation of speed can be disorienting for drivers accustomed to traditional gearboxes. To counter this effect, manufacturers have developed modern CVTs that simulate gear shifts. Thanks to advanced electronic management, the gearbox can create "steps" or "virtual gears," often controllable via paddle shifters, thereby mimicking the behavior of a classic automatic transmission and offering a sportier feel on demand.
CVT vs Dual-Clutch Transmission (DCT)
Opposing the CVT, one often finds the dual-clutch transmission (DCT, DSG, EDC...). While the CVT prioritizes smoothness and efficiency, the DCT focuses on the speed and sportiness of gear shifts, which are quasi-instantaneous but can sometimes be less smooth at very low speeds. The choice between the two will therefore depend entirely on the driver's priorities: comfort and economy for the CVT, dynamism and sensations for the DCT.
Finitions équipées
2 finition(s) proposent cet équipement
Associated equipment
Dual-Clutch Transmission
The dual-clutch transmission, often referred to by the acronym DCT, is a type of automated transmission that revolutionizes the driving experience. Unlike a traditional torque converter automatic transmission or a manual gearbox, it uses two separate clutches to manage the gears. One clutch is dedicated to the even gears (2, 4, 6) and the other to the odd gears (1, 3, 5, 7). This ingenious architecture makes it possible to pre-select the next gear while the current gear is still engaged. During a shift, one clutch disengages while the other engages almost instantaneously, thereby eliminating the torque interruption typical of manual gearboxes and reducing shift times to a few milliseconds. It thus combines the comfort of an automatic transmission with the speed and energy efficiency of an excellent manual gearbox, offering a drive that is both smooth in the city and extremely responsive in sporty driving. Popularized by manufacturers such as Volkswagen (DSG) or Porsche (PDK), this technology is now widely used across vehicles of all ranges.
Eco Mode
Eco Mode, also known by names such as 'Efficiency' or 'Eco Pro' depending on the manufacturer, is an increasingly common feature in modern vehicles, whether ICE, hybrid, or electric. Integrated into the drive mode selector, its main objective is to reduce fuel or energy consumption by optimizing the operation of several vehicle systems. To achieve this, it adjusts several key parameters. Accelerator pedal response is softened, requiring firmer pressure to achieve the same acceleration as in Normal or Sport mode. Automatic transmission management is also modified to shift up earlier and at lower engine speeds. Additionally, Eco Mode can reduce the power of certain energy consumers, such as air conditioning or seat heating. On electrified vehicles, it maximizes regenerative braking to recover more energy during deceleration. It is a valuable tool for calm, economical driving, particularly effective in urban areas and on highways at steady speeds.
Paddle shifters
Paddle shifters are gear shift controls located on either side of the steering wheel. Directly inspired by the world of motorsport, particularly Formula 1, they allow the driver to upshift (+) or downshift (-) on an automatic or automated manual gearbox without having to let go of the steering wheel or use a traditional gear lever. The right-hand paddle is generally dedicated to upshifting, while the left-hand one is used to downshift. This system offers a manual, sequential alternative to fully automated transmission management. By providing direct and instant control, the paddles transform the driving experience, making it more immersive, sportier, and more precise. They are particularly appreciated on winding roads or during dynamic driving phases, as they make it possible to maintain the optimal engine speed and use engine braking effectively, while retaining maximum concentration and control of the vehicle.
e-CVT Transmission
The e-CVT transmission, or 'electronic Continuously Variable Transmission', is a sophisticated gearbox technology primarily used in full hybrid vehicles (HEVs). Unlike a traditional CVT that uses a belt and pulleys, the e-CVT relies on an ingenious planetary gearset system that connects the internal combustion engine, a primary motor-generator (MG1), and a secondary motor-generator (MG2) directly linked to the wheels. This architecture makes it possible to vary the gear ratio continuously and electronically, without any physical gear shifting. The system constantly manages the power split between the combustion engine and the electric motors to keep the former within its most efficient RPM range, thereby drastically reducing fuel consumption and emissions. MG1 primarily serves as a starter for the combustion engine and a generator to recharge the battery, while MG2 provides propulsion in all-electric mode and assists the combustion engine, while also managing regenerative braking. This elegant design, popularized by Toyota with its Hybrid Synergy Drive (HSD) system, stands out for its high reliability due to the absence of wear parts such as a clutch or transmission belt.
Automatic Transmission
The automatic gearbox, or automatic transmission, is a system that autonomously manages the gear changes of a vehicle without driver intervention. Unlike a manual transmission, it does not require a clutch pedal or a gear lever to be constantly operated. Using hydraulic systems, electronic systems, or a combination of both, the automatic transmission selects the optimal gear based on vehicle speed, engine speed, and the pressure applied to the accelerator. There are several automatic transmission technologies, the most common being the torque converter transmission, the dual-clutch transmission (such as DSG or EDC), and the continuously variable transmission (CVT). Initially perceived as a luxury feature, it is now widely widespread across all segments of the automotive market. It offers unmatched driving comfort, particularly in urban environments and traffic jams, while ensuring smooth and rapid gear changes. Modern versions also help optimize fuel consumption and reduce CO2 emissions.