Automated manual transmission
TechnologieAverage price
500€ - 1500€
The automated manual transmission (AMT), also known as a robotized manual gearbox, is a type of transmission that automates the operation of a conventional manual gearbox. Unlike a traditional torque converter automatic transmission or a dual-clutch transmission, its basic structure is that of a manual gearbox. Electromechanical or electro-hydraulic actuators handle the clutch operation and gear shifting on behalf of the driver. Consequently, there is no longer a clutch pedal. The driver can generally choose between a fully automatic mode, where the system decides the optimal time to shift gears, and a sequential mode, which allows for manual upshifting or downshifting via the gear lever or steering wheel paddle shifters. Cheaper to produce and lighter than a traditional automatic transmission, it offers fuel consumption comparable to that of a manual gearbox. However, it is often criticized for slower gear shifts and jerky operation, caused by torque interruption when its single clutch is engaged.
Benefits
- ✓Lower purchase cost than a traditional automatic or dual-clutch transmission.
- ✓Optimized fuel consumption, similar to that of a manual gearbox.
- ✓Reduced weight compared to other automatic transmissions, enhancing agility.
- ✓Offers a sequential mode allowing the driver to retain control over gear shifts.
Learn more
What is an automated manual transmission?
The automated manual transmission, often referred to as a robotized manual gearbox or Automated Manual Transmission (AMT), represents a technological bridge between the traditional manual gearbox and the automatic transmission. Its design is based on a standard manual gearbox architecture, but with the addition of an automation system. Specifically, the clutch pedal disappears and the gear lever is replaced by a selector. Actuators (small robots, hence its name) manage both the clutch actuation and gear changes based on instructions from an electronic control unit (ECU). This technology was popularized to offer the convenience of clutchless driving at a lower cost than more complex automatic gearboxes.
How does it work?
The secret of the automated manual transmission lies in its control system. It uses a single gearbox and clutch, similar to those of a manual car. An electronic control unit continuously analyzes various parameters such as vehicle speed, engine RPM, and throttle position. In automatic mode, it is this ECU that decides the ideal moment to shift gears. It then commands one actuator to disengage the clutch, another to shift the gear, and subsequently commands the re-engagement of the clutch. This process, which is sequential rather than simultaneous, is the source of the main criticism leveled against this system: power interruption, which creates a noticeable jerk between each gear change. In manual or sequential mode, the driver gives the impulse via the lever or paddle shifters, but the robotic system always executes the clutch operation and gear shift.
Pros and Cons of the Automated Manual Transmission
Advantages and Disadvantages of the Automated Manual Transmission
The strengths:
- Cost and simplicity: Based on proven mechanics (manual gearbox), it is cheaper to produce and maintain than a torque converter or dual-clutch automatic transmission.
- Fuel efficiency: The absence of an energy-consuming hydraulic torque converter allows it to achieve fuel consumption very close to, or even identical to, that of an equivalent manual version.
- Lightweight: It is significantly lighter than other automatic transmissions, which has a positive impact on vehicle handling and fuel economy.
The weaknesses:
- Jerks: Power interruption during gear shifts is its major flaw, creating an unpleasant "balking" sensation, especially during dynamic driving.
- Sluggishness: Gear changes are noticeably slower than on modern systems such as the dual-clutch transmission (DSG, EDC, etc.).
- Maneuvers: At very low speeds (parking, traffic jams), the clutch modulation by the actuator can lack smoothness and cause judder.
Automated Manual Transmission vs. Dual-Clutch Transmission
It is crucial not to confuse these two technologies. While the automated manual transmission has only one clutch, the dual-clutch transmission has two. One manages the even gears, the other the odd gears. The system constantly pre-selects the next gear, allowing for near-instantaneous gear shifts with no power interruption. The result is a much smoother, faster, and more comfortable driving experience. On the flip side, dual-clutch technology is more complex, heavier, and more expensive. The automated manual transmission thus positions itself as an economical alternative, accepting a compromise on driving pleasure for a more affordable price.
Conclusion: Who is it for?
The automated manual transmission is primarily aimed at budget-conscious drivers looking for the comfort of clutchless driving, predominantly for urban and suburban commuting. It is suited for calm, anticipatory driving where the smoothness of gear shifts is not the absolute priority. Although it is increasingly being replaced by more modern automatic gearboxes in higher segments, it remains a relevant option on the used car market and on certain entry-level models, offering an accessible first step into the world of automatic transmission.
Finitions équipées
2 finition(s) proposent cet équipement
Associated equipment
6-speed manual transmission
The 6-speed manual gearbox is an evolution of the traditional 5-speed transmission, designed to optimize both performance and fuel consumption. This transmission system, where the driver selects gears using a lever and a clutch pedal, remains highly valued by purists for the engagement and control it provides. The addition of a sixth gear, often referred to as an "overdrive," significantly reduces engine speed at a steady highway cruising speed. This longer gear ratio lowers fuel consumption, cabin noise levels, and engine wear on long trips. The closer spacing of the first five gears promotes sharper acceleration by keeping the engine within its optimal RPM range. Popular in sports cars for driving pleasure, it is also common in more economical models where it helps achieve low CO2 emissions and fuel consumption levels. Its proven and relatively simple mechanical design makes it a reliable option and often less expensive to maintain than a complex automatic transmission.
Dual-Clutch Transmission
The dual-clutch transmission, often referred to by the acronym DCT, is a type of automated transmission that revolutionizes the driving experience. Unlike a traditional torque converter automatic transmission or a manual gearbox, it uses two separate clutches to manage the gears. One clutch is dedicated to the even gears (2, 4, 6) and the other to the odd gears (1, 3, 5, 7). This ingenious architecture makes it possible to pre-select the next gear while the current gear is still engaged. During a shift, one clutch disengages while the other engages almost instantaneously, thereby eliminating the torque interruption typical of manual gearboxes and reducing shift times to a few milliseconds. It thus combines the comfort of an automatic transmission with the speed and energy efficiency of an excellent manual gearbox, offering a drive that is both smooth in the city and extremely responsive in sporty driving. Popularized by manufacturers such as Volkswagen (DSG) or Porsche (PDK), this technology is now widely used across vehicles of all ranges.
Paddle shifters
Paddle shifters are gear shift controls located on either side of the steering wheel. Directly inspired by the world of motorsport, particularly Formula 1, they allow the driver to upshift (+) or downshift (-) on an automatic or automated manual gearbox without having to let go of the steering wheel or use a traditional gear lever. The right-hand paddle is generally dedicated to upshifting, while the left-hand one is used to downshift. This system offers a manual, sequential alternative to fully automated transmission management. By providing direct and instant control, the paddles transform the driving experience, making it more immersive, sportier, and more precise. They are particularly appreciated on winding roads or during dynamic driving phases, as they make it possible to maintain the optimal engine speed and use engine braking effectively, while retaining maximum concentration and control of the vehicle.
Automatic Transmission
The automatic gearbox, or automatic transmission, is a system that autonomously manages the gear changes of a vehicle without driver intervention. Unlike a manual transmission, it does not require a clutch pedal or a gear lever to be constantly operated. Using hydraulic systems, electronic systems, or a combination of both, the automatic transmission selects the optimal gear based on vehicle speed, engine speed, and the pressure applied to the accelerator. There are several automatic transmission technologies, the most common being the torque converter transmission, the dual-clutch transmission (such as DSG or EDC), and the continuously variable transmission (CVT). Initially perceived as a luxury feature, it is now widely widespread across all segments of the automotive market. It offers unmatched driving comfort, particularly in urban environments and traffic jams, while ensuring smooth and rapid gear changes. Modern versions also help optimize fuel consumption and reduce CO2 emissions.